Peace | Psychology homework help

Respond to the below in one of the following ways. 150 word minimum

· Ask a probing question.

· Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.

· Offer and support an opinion.

· Validate an idea with your own experience.

· Make a suggestion.

· Expand on your colleague’s posting.

1st Post

Conflict

XI Jinping, who is China’s foreign policy apparatus has taken a long-term stance over many years to solidify and stand by the Palestine’s as they fight for the State of Palestine. Beijing has also been known to be seen as a force for peace and stability in attempting to resolve the international issues between Palestine and Israel. Gallagher, 2023 notes what is called a ‘white whale’ of peacemaking efforts have yet to be seen by China or Beijing however as neither have offered to mediate between Israelis and Palestinians. China and Beijing have millions and, in some cases, even billions of dollars invested in crude oil, electric vehicle ventures and other financial ventures with both Arab states as with Palestine so there is much to be lost should they choose a side and stand to fight with Palestine.

Peace

In William Ury’s Getting to Yes, he speaks of conflict resolution and utilizes communication skills such as active listening and acknowledgement as techniques for peacekeeping and notes that the concept of nonviolence is more technique than a concept to the end resolve. Ury’s approach to peacemaking is a Popular paradigm versus if we were to look at another paradigm called the Numinar where Peck’s The Different Drum offers techniques of peacemaking as more of a community-building allowing for people to be more fully human. In the conflict above China is taking more of Bouling and Galtung’s stace of, “peace as the absence of war, violence, conflict in international terms” (Rinehart, 2001). Interestingly though, Gray Cox argues, “If peace is the absence of conflict, war and violence being consequences of conflict, and if human beings are seen as fundamentally violent, aggressive, and conflictual, then peace in a complete sense is the annihilation of humanity” (Rinehart, 2001). Julian Ouellet, 2003 notes that peacekeeping depends on two factors; the peace agreement must be tenable for both sides and success is contingent on clear strategies of implementing nation-building and institutional development or democratization. In the case of Palestine fighting for the right of State, in order for China and Beijing to continue to have profitable financial ventures they must not indulge in any acts of war, conflict or violence even if it means standing on the ethically right side of a war between two countries.

United States Institute of Peace: On the IssuesLinks to an external site.
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http://www.usip.org/issue-areas
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Beyond Intractability. (n.d.).
Peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction in difficult and intractable conflictsLinks to an external site.
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. Retrieved from
http://www.beyondintractability.org/userguide/peacebuilders
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Ouellet, J. (2003).
PeacemakingLinks to an external site.
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. Retrieved from
http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peacemaking
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Conflict Management Program at SAIS, & Ouellet, J. (2003).
PeacekeepingLinks to an external site.
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. Retrieved from
http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peacekeeping
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Maiese, M. (2003).
PeacebuildingLinks to an external site.
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. Retrieved from
http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peacebuilding
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2nd Post

Respond to the below in one of the following ways. 150 word minimum

· Ask a probing question.

· Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.

· Offer and support an opinion.

· Validate an idea with your own experience.

· Make a suggestion.

· Expand on your colleague’s posting.

The Korean conflict between North and South Korea has existed for many years. The US and USSR partitioned Korea after World War II, generating a long-standing political disagreement between North and South Korea (McCurry, 2021). The Kim dynasty has dominated North Korea since 1948 when South Korea became a republic (McCurry, 2021). A three-year war began in 1950 when North Korea attacked South Korea (McCurry, 2021). A 1953 demilitarization separates the countries, but violence persists (McCurry, 2021). In 2018 South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean President Kim discussed economic growth and public relations (United States Institute of Peace (USIP), 2022). President Trump met with Chairman Kim in Singapore for the first summit between a sitting US president and a North Korean leader, suspending major US-South Korean military drills (USIP, 2022). However, the diplomatic deadlock has raised tensions (USIP, 2022). The US and South Korea increased joint military drills and sent critical US assets to the Korean Peninsula in 2022 as North Korea’s military deterrent restarted (USIP, 2022).

William Ury’s The Third Side (2000) is a perspective on conflicts from a larger community perspective, involving understanding both sides, encouraging cooperative negotiation, and supporting a wise solution that meets the essential needs of both sides and the community. This approach allows for natural sympathies and can be embraced by those with differing opinions (Ury, 2000). This approach revolves around five P’s: People from the Community, Using the Power of Peers, From a Perspective of Common Ground, Supporting a Process of Dialogue and Nonviolence, and Aiming for a Product of a “Triple Win” (Ury, 2000). The Third Side is the community’s emergent will, not a monarch or authoritarian state inspired by the crucial interactions of the people from the community (Ury, 2000). The Third Side utilizes peer pressure, public opinion, and people power to influence parties, balancing power and protecting weaker parties in conflicts (Ury, 2000). A third perspective recognizes shared interests and common ground, allowing for a deeper understanding of conflicts (Ury, 2000). The Third Side advocates for dialogue and nonviolence, emphasizing the respectful handling of differences (Ury, 2000). The Third Side aims for triple win resolution, satisfying parties’ needs and community (Ury, 2000). The Third Side aims to transform conflict from destructive forms like violence into constructive ones like debate, dialogue, negotiation, and democracy.

The relationship between conflict resolution and peace is that conflict resolution is the process of finding a peaceful solution to a dispute between parties (Shonk, 2023). Common cognitive and emotional traps, such as self-serving fairness interpretations, overconfidence, escalation of commitment, and conflict avoidance, can exacerbate conflict (Shonk, 2023). To resolve disputes, parties can use negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation (Shonk, 2023). Negotiation involves exploring interests and finding alternatives, while mediation involves a neutral third party to help reach a consensus (Shonk, 2023). Arbitration involves a neutral third party, while litigation involves a judge and jury (Shonk, 2023). It is advisable to start with less-expensive, less-formal conflict resolution procedures before making more extensive commitments (Shonk, 2023). Conflict-resolution training can further enhance negotiation skills (Shonk, 2023). Conflict resolution and peace are intertwined because they are necessary for the other to exist.

References

McCurry, J. (2021). North and South Korea agree ‘in principle’ on formal end of war.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/15/north-and-south-korea-tensions-relations-issue-conflict-division-explained-in-30-seconds
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Shonk, K. (2023). What is conflict resolution, and how does it work?
https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/conflict-resolution/what-is-conflict-resolution-and-how-does-it-work/
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United States Institute of Peace (USIP). (2022). The current situation in North Korea: A USIP fact sheet.
https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/11/current-situation-north-korea#:~:text=Today%2C%20the%20diplomatic%20stalemate%20continues%2C%20and%20tensions%20are,the%20most%20ballistic%20missiles%20tests%20in%20any%20year
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Ury, W. (2000). The third side. New York: Penguin.

Other resources:

· “Peace Processes”

http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peace_processes/Links to an external site.

· “Peace Agreements”

http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/structuring-peace-agreeLinks to an external site.

· “Peacemaking”

http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peacemaking/Links to an external site.

· “Peacekeeping”

http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/peacekeeping/Links to an external site.

· “Peacebuilding”

http://www.beyondintractability.org/bi-essay/peacebuildingLinks to an external site.